ABSTRACT
A reverse osmosis system driven by photovoltaic energy is an eco-friendly and sustainable way to produce freshwater in rural areas without connection to a power grid and with available brackish water sources. This paper describes a project where a photovoltaic-driven low-pressure reverse osmosis system (LPRO-PV) was designed, tested under laboratory conditions, and installed in Samalayuca, Chihuahua, Mexico, to evaluate the technical feasibility and social impact of this technology. The LPRO-PV system was tested with synthetic water with a salinity of 2921 ± 62.3 mg/L;the maximum freshwater volume produced was 1.8 ± 0.06 m3/day with a salinity value of 91 ± 1.9 mg/L. The LPRO-PV system satisfied the basic freshwater requirements for a local family of three members for one year, including the mobility-restriction period due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The social evaluation analysis reflects the importance of considering the technical aspects derived from the experimental tests, as well as the users’ perception of the performance and operation of the system. As a result of the implementation of this technology and the benefits described by the users, they committed to the maintenance activities required for the LPRO-PV system’s operation. This technology has great potential to produce fresh water in arid and isolated regions with high-salinity groundwater sources, thus fulfilling the human right to safe and clean drinking water. © 2022 by the authors.
ABSTRACT
As the rapid spread of the coronavirus continues, schools globally have been forced to close their doors. The closures during the COVID-19 pandemic have prompted many school systems to find innovative ways to reach and teach their students. One of the main ways to do this is through virtual education. This article develops an Augmented Reality (AR) system, based on the Singapore method for teaching exact sciences in an easy, entertaining, and didactic way for the correct resolution of mathematical problems related to geometric figures. As a result, students improve their academic average when using these types of tools. © 2021, Associacao Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao. All rights reserved.